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In England, during the , essays were a favored tool of polemicists who aimed at convincing readers of their position; they also featured heavily in the rise of , as seen in the works of , and . Addison and Steele used the journal (founded in 1709 by Steele) and its successors as storehouses of their work, and they became the most celebrated eighteenth-century essayists in England. Johnson's essays appear during the 1750s in various similar publications. As a result of the focus on journals, the term also acquired a meaning synonymous with "", although the content may not the strict definition. On the other hand, Locke's is not an essay at all, or cluster of essays, in the technical sense, but still it refers to the experimental and tentative nature of the inquiry which the philosopher was undertaking.
Bacon's , published in book form in 1597 (only five years after the death of Montaigne, containing the first ten of his essays), 1612, and 1625, were the first works in English that described themselves as . first used the word in 1609, according to the .Other English essayists included , who published essays in 1600 and 1617 that were popular at the time, (1577–1641) and (1605–1682). In Italy, wrote about courtly manners in his essay . In the 17th century, the Spanish wrote about the theme of wisdom. Between the mid-1990s and the early 2000s, the primary terms used under the transgender umbrella were "female to male" (FtM) for men who transitioned from female to male, and "male to female" (MtF) for women who transitioned from male to female. These terms have been superseded by "trans man" and "trans woman", respectively. This shift in preference from terms highlighting biological sex ("transsexual", "FtM") to terms highlighting gender identity and expression ("transgender", "trans man") reflects a broader shift in the understanding of transgender people's sense of self and the increasing recognition of those who decline medical reassignment as part of the transgender community. Harry Benjamin invented a classification system for transsexuals and transvestites, called the (SOS), in which he assigned transsexuals and transvestites to one of six categories based on their reasons for cross-dressing and the relative urgency of their need (if any) for sex reassignment surgery. Contemporary views on gender identity and classification differ markedly from Harry Benjamin's original opinions. Sexual orientation is no longer regarded as a criterion for diagnosis, or for distinction between transsexuality, transvestism and other forms of gender-variant behavior and expression. Benjamin's scale was designed for use with heterosexual trans women, and trans men's identities do not align with its categories. For much of the 20th century, transgender identity was conflated with and . In earlier academic literature, sexologists used the labels to categorize transgender individuals' sexual orientation based on their birth sex. Critics consider these terms "", "archaic", and demeaning. Newer literature often uses terms such as , (bisexual), or (asexual) to describe a person's sexual orientation without reference to their gender identity. Therapists are coming to understand the necessity of using terms with respect to their clients' gender identities and preferences. In his 2007 book , anthropologist David Valentine asserts that was coined and used by activists to include many people who do not necessarily identify with the term and states that people who do not identify with the term should not be included in the transgender spectrum. Leslie Feinberg likewise asserts that is not a self-identifier (for some people) but a category imposed by observers to understand other people. According to the Transgender Health Program (THP) at in Boston, there are no universally-accepted definitions, and confusion is common because terms that were popular at the turn of the 21st century may have since been deemed offensive. The THP recommends that clinicians ask clients what terminology they prefer, and avoid the term unless they are sure that a client is comfortable with it.[] Subsequently, has been defined in a variety of ways. One definition is a "prose composition with a focused subject of discussion" or a "long, systematic discourse".It is difficult to define the genre into which essays fall. , a leading essayist, gives guidance on the subject. He notes that "the essay is a literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything", and adds that "by tradition, almost by definition, the essay is a short piece". Furthermore, Huxley argues that "essays belong to a literary species whose extreme variability can be studied most effectively within a three-poled frame of reference".These three poles (or worlds in which the essay may exist) are:
Some common synonyms of essay are attempt, endeavor, strive, and try
In some countries (e.g., the United States and Canada), essays have become a major part of formal . Secondary students are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills; are often used by in selecting applicants, and in the humanities and social sciences essays are often used as a way of assessing the performance of students during final exams.
Synonyms of essay in American English - Collins Dictionary
Tips: You will use the above words according to what is shown in the line graph you are given. Fluctuations are when a line goes up and down repeatedly. A dip is when the line goes down but then returns to its previous point. Nearly all line graphs will have a peak, which means the highest point. Each line only has one peak, which is good to highlight in your report. To rocket and soar are both verbs that describe extremely dramatic increases. Never use these two verbs unless the increase truly is dramatic.
What is another word for essay? | Essay Synonyms - WordHippo
By 1984, the concept of a "transgender community" had developed, in which was used as an umbrella term. In 1985, Richard Ekins established the "Trans-Gender Archive" at the . By 1992, the International Conference on Transgender Law and Employment Policy defined as an expansive umbrella term including "transsexuals, transgenderists, cross dressers", and anyone transitioning. 's pamphlet, "Transgender Liberation: A Movement Whose Time has Come", circulated in 1992, identified as a term to unify all forms of ; in this way has become synonymous with . In 1994, gender theorist defined as encompassing "all identities or practices that cross over, cut across, move between, or otherwise queer socially constructed sex/gender boundaries", including, but not limited to, "transsexuality, heterosexual transvestism, gay drag, butch lesbianism, and such non-European identities as the Native American or the Indian ".
ESSAY - 26 Synonyms and Antonyms - Cambridge English
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